Creeping wood sorrel, Oxalis corniculata July 17, 2008

시금초, 산장초, 오이풀, 괴싱이, 초장초, 산거초라고도 부른다.

전세계에 7속 1,000여 종이 있으며 한국에는 1속 3종이 있다.

고양이가 소화가 잘 되지 않을 때 이 풀을 뜯어먹는다고 해서 괭이밥이라고 부른다.
풀 속에 ‘옥살산(oxalic acid:수산)’이라는 산 성분이 있어 씹으면 신맛이 난다.
신맛은 괭이밥속에 속하는 모든 식물의 공통점이다.
‘시금초’, ‘산장초’라는 이름도 수산의 신맛에서 유래하며 씨앗의 모양이 오이를 닮아 오이풀이라고도 한다.

밭이나 길가, 빈터에서 흔히 자란다. 높이는 10∼30cm이며 가지를 많이 친다. 풀 전체에 가는 털이 나고 뿌리를 땅속 깊이 내리며 그 위에서 많은 줄기가 나와 옆이나 위쪽으로 비스듬히 자란다. 잎은 어긋나고 긴 잎자루가 있으며 3갈래로 갈라진다. 작은잎은 거꾸로 세운 심장 모양으로 길이와 너비가 각각 1∼2.5cm이고 가장자리와 뒷면에 털이 조금 난다. 토끼풀과 혼동하는 경우가 있는데, 토끼풀의 잎에는 잔 톱니가 있고 괭이밥의 잎은 가장자리가 밋밋하기 때문에 쉽게 구별할 수 있다. 봄부터 가을까지 계속 꽃을 피운다. 비오는 날이나 밤에는 오므라드는 습성이 있는데 이는 달맞이꽃이나 분꽃과는 정반대이다.

꽃은 5∼9월에 산형꽃차례를 이루는데 잎겨드랑이에서 긴 꽃자루가 나와 그 끝에 1∼8개의 노란색 꽃이 핀다. 화관은 작고 꽃잎은 5개로 긴 타원형이며 꽃받침잎도 5개이고 바소꼴이다. 수술은 10개인데 5개는 길고 5개는 짧다. 1개의 씨방은  5실이고, 암술대는 5개이다. 열매는 삭과로 원기둥 모양이고 주름이 6줄 지며 익으면 많은 씨가 나온다.

더운 여름에 노란 꽃이 피는데, 꽃이 잎에 비해 제법 큰 편이다. 양지바른 뜰이나 둑, 길가, 인가 부근의 텃밭에서 흔히 볼 수 있다. 씨앗을 잘 퍼뜨려 금새 군락을 이룬다. 괭이밥 주변에서 같이 볼 수 있는 붉은괭이밥은 전체가 붉은 자주색이고 잎이 괭이밥보다 약간 작다.
어린 잎은 식용한다. 한방에서는 임질·악창(惡瘡)·치질·살충 등에 처방한다. 날잎을 찧어서 옴과 기타 피부병, 벌레 물린 데 바르며, 민간에서는 토혈에 달여 먹는다. 한국·일본·타이완·아시아·유럽·북아프리카·오스트레일리아·아메리카 등지에 분포한다.
봉선화로 손톱을 물들일 때 백반 대신 사용하기도 하는데, 이는 산 성분 때문이다. 벌레 물린 데에 찧어 바르면 해독되며, 불면증이 있을 때 괭이밥에 솔잎과 대추를 넣어 달여 먹으면 효과가 좋다.

“Common wood sorrel is a plant from the genus Oxalis, common in most of Europe and parts of Asia. It flowers for a few months during the spring, with small white flowers with pink streaks. Red or violet flowers also occur rarely. The binomial name is Oxalis acetosella, because of its sour taste.

The leaflets are made up by three heart-shaped leaves, folded through the middle. The stalk is red/brown, and during the night or when it rains both flowers and leaves contract.

Historically, people have extracted calcium oxalate, or “sal acetosella” from the plant, through boiling. It is slightly toxic, as oxalic acid is known to interfere with food digestion.

Another common wood sorrel is Oxalis montana, a North American species found from New England and Nova Scotia to Wisconsin and Manitoba. It is similar to the species described above, but the petals are noticeably notched.

The common wood sorrel is sometimes referred to as a shamrock (due to its three-leaf clover-like motif) and given as a gift on St. Patrick’s Day.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_wood_sorrel)

ANEMONE Tomentosa Robustissima July 10, 2008

“Anemone are perennial herbs; plants which grow from rhizomes, caudices or tubers. Leaves grow from the base and can be simple, compound or attached with a leaf stalk. Terminal inflorescences with two to nine flowered cymes or umbels, or solitary flowers that depending on the species can be up to 60 centimeters tall. The flowers are bisexual and radially symmetric. The sepals are not persistent in fruit, and can be white, purple, blue, green, yellow, pink or red. Fruits are achenes.^{[3]” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemone)}

알뿌리에서 7∼8개의 꽃줄기가 자라서 끝에 꽃이 1개씩 달린다. 잎은 밑에서는 3개씩 갈라진 깃꼴겹잎이고 윗부분에 달린 포는 잎처럼 생겼으나 대가 없으며 갈래조각에는 모두 톱니가 있다.
꽃은 4∼5월에 피는데, 지름 6∼7cm이고 홑꽃과 여러 겹꽃이 있으며, 빨간색·흰색·분홍색·하늘색·노란색·자주색 등으로 핀다. 6월에 잎이 누렇게 되면 알뿌리를 캐어서 그늘에 말려 저장하였다가, 9∼10월 기름진 중성 토양에 깊이 심는다. 번식은 알뿌리나누기나 종자로 한다.
북반구에 약 90종의 원종이 있다. 대표적인 아네모네 코로나리아(A. coronaria)는 지중해 연안 원산이며, 햇볕이 들고 통풍이 잘 되는 곳에서 잘 자란다. 가을에 심으며 이른봄에 꽃줄기가 나와 지름 6∼7cm의 꽃이 달린다. 꽃이름은 그리스어의 아네모스(Anemos:바람)에서 비롯하였다. 꽃말은 ‘사랑의 괴로움’이다.  그리스신화에서는 미소년 아도니스가 죽을 때 흘린 피에서 생겨난 꽃이라고 한다. 한국에는 설악산에서 자라는 바람꽃(A. narcissiflora 한라산에서 자라는세바람꽃(A. stolonifera), 흔히 볼 수 있는꿩의바람꽃(A. nikoensis) 등이 자란다.

Dudleya pulverulenta, Chalk Dudleya, Chalk Liveforever

“Chalk Liveforever is a succulent with one to two foot basal rosette from which a 1 1/2 ft. spike of red flowers appear in May – July. Native from about Northern San Luis Obispo county south along coast They are native around the nursery in Santa margarita where they grow at best in part shade on rock shelves for good drainage. Plant rosette at angle so water will drain off the crown and you have a good rock garden plant. Cold tolerant to about 12 F. Even though these are native all around us they froze out of here in Dec. 1990.” (http://www.laspilitas.com/plants/256.htm)

“This California native is the giant of the genus & makes a most excellent specimen plant for the rock garden, rock wall or container. In May thru July, it sends up a silvery white stalk topped by candelabra-like clusters of small, red flowers loved by hummingbirds.” (https://www.anniesannuals.com/signs/d%20-%20g/dudleya_pulverulenta_cl.htm)

“Dudleya pulverulenta is a succulent plant known by the common names chalk lettuce and chalk liveforever. This dudleya is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, where it is found in rocky areas in coastal and inland mountains and desert foothills. It grows a rosette of wide, flat fleshy leaves of pale green which age to a pinkish papery texture. It produces one to many tall erect stems which are similar in color. The epidermis of the plant is covered with a dense coating of chalky, powdery wax. Its pale green or white nodding or erect inflorescences bear many pinkish flowers, each on a long pedicel.” (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)

Dudleya is a genus of more than 50 small rosetted succulent plants native to Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, Baja California, Mexico and coastal islands and possibly extending into S. America.

Wallowa Lewisia July 9, 2008

“Characteristics:

Wallowa Lewisia is an attractive wildflower which may be used in the rock garden. It is a succulent perennial with a thick, well branched, fleshy root with numerous basal leaves in a basal rosette. The basal leaves are linear-oblanceolate to narrowly spatulate, with tips ranching from acute to rounded, and they range from 2-10 cm long and 3-8 mm wide. There are usually several to many flower stems, these ranging from 10-30 cm high, and several entire to serrate bracts may be found on the stem.

The inflorescence is a many-flowered panicle. Individual flowers have 2 glandular-dentate sepals from 1.5-2 mm long and 7-9 white with pink venation to magenta-rose petals from 5-13 mm long. There are 5-6 stamens.

As mentioned above, Columbia Lewisia is an attractive plant (especially variety rupicola) for the rock garden. It is best suited for drier, east side (of the Cascades) gardens, but can survive for several years in west side gardens if given sufficient ventilation or provided with cover to protect it from the rain. I either put it in a rock garden covered by plastic sheet, or protect individual plants with clear, plastic bird feeder covers. Individuals left in the open have survived winter wetness, but they need to be well clear of other plants and need to be away from areas where water can collect.

Columbia Lewisia produces baby plants by offsets from the crown of the rootstock. These may be carefully broken off in the fall or late winter and planted in gravelly or sandy soil to produce new plants.

Three varieties of Columbia Lewisia may be found. These include:

1. Lewisia columbiana var. wallowensis – Basal leaves obtuse to acute-tipped, mostly less than 4 cm long, fewer in number, and thinner. The lower bracts on the stems are entire margined, while the upper ones are serrate. The bracts are not glandular. The plants range from 5-15 cm tall. The petals range from 5-8 mm long and are white with pink stripes to pink overall. Found in the Wallowa Mts. and rim of the Snake River canyon of northeastern Oregon, and in the Seven Devils Mts. of adjacent Idaho.

2. Lewisia columbiana var. columbiana – Basal leaves numerous, obtuse to acute-tipped, from 3-10 cm long and up to 8 mm wide. The stems have bracts with entire margins to at least mid-length. The bracts are never glandular. The plants range from 15-30 cm tall. The petals range from 7-10 mm long and are white with pink stripes to pink overall. Found in the Columbia River Gorge north on the east side of the Cascades to Okanogan County, WA and probably into adjacent southern British Columbia.

3. Lewisia columbiana var. rupicola – The basal leaves are rounded. The lowest bracts on the stems are serrate margined and generally glandular. The flowers are light to deep pink or rose. Found west of the Cascades in the Olympics south to Saddle Mt in Clatsop County, OR, and at Mt. Rainier.

Wallowa Lewisia may be found on exposed gravel bands, rocky slopes and rocky ledges.” (http://ghs.gresham.k12.or.us/science/ps/nature/basin/5petal/purslane/lewisia/columbia.htm)

Golden club (Orontium aquaticum)

“Golden club is a small, broad-leafed wildflower. It is one of the first plants to show green in the early spring cypress swamp. Long before the cypress trees sprout new needles, the bright yellow “club” blooms. It also grows in bogs, stream margins and wet ditches.

This wildflower is a member of the Araceae family, along with Jack-in-the-Pulpit and philodendron. They are  pollinated by several insect types including beetles, flies and bees. The fruits attract birds and mammals, which aid in dispersal of the seeds.

Golden club is found in much of the southeastern United States, but may be seen from New York and southern Massachusetts, south into Florida and west as far as Kentucky.” (http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/4h/Golden_club/goldclub.htm)

고구마과의 수생 식물 《미국 동부산》

Red Clintonia

“This beautiful plant is a joy for months, from the wonderful and shocking red trumpet-shaped flowers on a tall, naked 24 inch stem in the spring to the dark blue berries that can be seen through the end of July. It has glossy green basal leaves that have a superficial resemblance to trilium, but usually has more than three leaves. It is found in many of the places that trilium is found: shaded, moist areas of the redwood forest. Red Clintonia berries are a very dark blue.” (http://www.davidlnelson.md/Cazadero/Clintonia.htm)

백합과(科) 나도옥잠화속(屬), 외떡잎식물 백합목 백합과의 여러해살이풀.

제비옥잠화라고도 한다. 깊은 산의 나무그늘에서 자란다. 짧게 벋은 뿌리줄기에서 수염뿌리가 나온다. 꽃줄기는 곧게 서고 높이가 20∼30cm(열매를 맺을 때는 40∼70cm)이다. 꽃줄기에는 잎이 달리지 않는다. 잎은 2∼5개가 뿌리줄기에서 나오며 긴 타원 모양으로 길이가 15∼30cm, 폭이 3∼9cm이고 잎몸이 두텁고 광택이 있으며 녹색이고 양 끝은 좁으며 가장자리가 밋밋하고 털이 있다.

꽃은 6∼7월에 흰색으로 피는데, 총상꽃차례를 이루며 꽃줄기 끝에 작은 꽃이 3∼5개 달린다. 꽃잎 조각은 6개이고 옆으로 퍼지며 길이가 12∼15mm이고 좁은 타원 모양이다. 수술은 6개로 꽃잎 밑에 달리고 꽃잎보다 짧다. 꽃밥은 긴 타원 모양이고 암술대pistil는 끝이 3개로 갈라지며 씨방ovary은 3칸으로 나뉜다.

꽃이 핀 다음 꽃줄기가 길게 자라고 짙은 남색의 열매가 달린다. 열매는 지름이 10mm 정도인 장과이고, 종자는 달걀 모양이다. 어린 순은 식용한다.

총상꽃차례 [raceme] 중심축에 꽃대가 있다. 무리져 피는 하나하나의 꽃이 짧은 꽃자루에 달려 있고 모든 꽃자루는 길이가 거의 같다. 꽃줄기는 길게 자라고 고른 간격으로 꽃눈이 만들어지는데 금어초처럼 줄기와 꽃자루가 만나는 자리, 즉 겨드랑이 위쪽에 잎처럼 생긴 포(苞)가 달리기도 한다. 유채 등이 이에 속한다.

Purple Nightshade (Solanacea) (Solanum xanti)

“One of the few plants to be found in bloom this early in the year is Purple Nightshade. It is an evergreen shrub up to 3 feet high and wide, displaying purple flowers about one inch in diameter. It is commonly found blooming from January to May in sage or chaparral.

Purple Nightshade’s thin leaves are about 2 inches long and oval in shape. The purple flower petals are complemented by yellow anthers that gather at the center. Each of the five petals has a pair of green spots surrounded by white at their base. The flowers are followed by pea-sized purple berries. The plant often has a subtle glittery or fuzzy appearance. All parts of this plant are poisonous, like most plants in this family.

Other plants in the Nightshade family that are common in the Santa Monica mountains include Jimson weed, the non-native Tree Tobacco, and White Nightshade. Purple Nightshade is one of several Solanum members which are also cultivated for ornamental uses. While most of these are poisonous, there are some edible members of Solanum: eggplant and potato.

The following closeups were taken in late December, 2005 along the Backbone Trail east of the Mishe Mokwa parking area. The wider view (above) was taken in May 2005 along Big Sur, demonstrating that this plant is not found just in the Santa Monica mountains.” (http://www.smmtc.org/plant_of_the_month_200601_PurpleNightshade.htm)

가짓과 속 식물

Seaside daisy July 4, 2008

Seaside daisy(Erigeron glaucus) can be found along the coast from Cambria north to central Oregon, and just to be different also on the Channel Islands. Seaside daisy is usually found on clay ocean bluffs, in coastal ravines that face the ocean, under Monterey Pines (Pinus radiata)(if they’re near the ocean) and mixed into coastal sage scrub. A great butterfly plant and provides a cool blue spot of color in a coastal garden. A bit of nature for a sunny perennial garden in San Francisco or part-shade garden in Los Angeles. Mix with monkey flowers, Stachys, Iris douglasiana or Salvia spathacea.

Dune Tansy

Tanacetum Camphoratum

Tanacetum is Latin for “immorality.”

Native to the sand dunes of San Francisco Bay. This is a rare plant. This native, perennial species has small yellow flowers forming flat-topped clusters and thick, feather-like leaves and foliage type is evergreen. Each leaflet has small side branches. The Dune Tansy –also known as Camphor Tansy– is aromatic and can grow 4-16 inches high. Blooms June to August.

Genus: Tanacetum Species: camphoratum Variety: Cultivar:

Common name: Camphor Dune Tansy.

Brodaeia laxa

Triteleia laxa

“Triteleia laxa is the latin name for Ithuriel’s Spear (formerly Brodaeia laxa). It is a bulb, actually a corm closely related to lilies and onions which blooms in June then goes dormant, requiring a summer dry rest, although it is less picky about that than our other native grassland bulbs. They can be grown in full sun or fairly deep shade. The corms are no more than an inch across and are very delicious to eat raw or cooked, they taste much like a potato. Ithuriel’s Spear is an easy plant to grow but is relatively unknown in the nursery trade. Triteleia laxa is beautiful, useful, adaptable and worthy of wider use.
The common name comes from the spear of the angel Ithuriel (angel of justice) which has the power to reveal deception. When Satan disguised as a toad두꺼비, whispered into Eve’s ear, Ithuriel’s spear touched him and revealed him as Satan. “The preacher needs now, if ever, the spear of Ithuriel, so delicate and fine as not to be seen, and yet so pointed and powerful as always to be felt, if he would pierce the rind 외피 of Leviathan.” -James Challen, ‘The Ministry’. In any case the unopened flower buds look a bit like spear heads.

There is a cultivar propagated in Holland called ‘Queen Fabiola’ and it is also used as a cut flower supposedly with a nice fragrance though I’ve not noticed much fragrance in the wild forms all these bulbs make good cut flowers. They are best put in a vase dry and will last well with no water. It is supposed to be easy to force the flowers year round from stored bulbs.

Common names also include: Grassnut, Blue Brodiaea, Bloomeria, Fool’s Onion, Long Rayed Triteleia, Pretty Face, Starflower, Triplet Lily, Wild Hyacinth and Wally Baskets. The latin species name ‘laxa’ comes from ‘relaxed’ or loose, perhaps because of the open flowers?” (http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Triteleia-laxa/)

corm 알줄기 (구경 球莖); 땅속줄기가 구형인 커다란 알뿌리로 녹말 등의 양분을 많이 저장하며 다년초의 경우에는 월동기간 영양생식의 역할을 하기도 한다.